A white patch in the mouth, known as leukoplakia, is an area of thickened, white tissue that can appear on the tongue, gums, cheeks, or the floor of the mouth. These patches are usually painless and cannot be scraped off easily, unlike those caused by oral thrush. Leukoplakia is often linked to chronic irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. Common causes include tobacco use (both smoking and chewing), excessive alcohol consumption, poor-fitting dentures, rough teeth surfaces, and chronic cheek biting. While most white patches are benign, some can be precancerous, particularly in individuals with a history of heavy tobacco and alcohol use.
Treatment for a white patch in the mouth depends on the cause and the potential for malignancy. The first step typically involves eliminating any irritants, such as quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake, or addressing dental issues like rough teeth or ill-fitting dentures. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential to observe any changes in the patch's size, color, or texture. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out precancerous or cancerous changes. If the patch is determined to be precancerous, options such as surgical removal, cryotherapy (freezing the lesion), or laser treatment may be considered. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are crucial for preventing recurrence and ensuring early detection of any new lesions. Reducing risk factors like tobacco and alcohol use is also vital for long-term oral health.
